fa بررسی کیفیت میکروبی و فیزیکوشیمیایی آب شرب شهر اردبیل در سال 1398-1399 تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ویژگی</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های میکروبی و فیزیکوشیمیایی آب آشامیدنی برحسب نوع و مقدار، مبنای قضاوت درباره قابل شرب بودن و تأثیرگذاری هر کدام از اجزاء فوق بر بهبود کیفیت، افزایش مقبولیت و یا تهدید سلامت مصرف</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کننده آن است. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی پارامترهای میکروبی و فیزیکوشیمیایی و عناصر سنگین سرب و کادمیوم آب شرب شهر اردبیل و مقایسه آن با استاندارد ملی و بین</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">المللی </span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به&shy;منظور پاسخ به این سوال که آیا آب شرب اردبیل در وضعیت سالم قرار دارد یا نه، </span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">است. این مطالعه مقطعی به‌صورت نمونه</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">برداری از چهار منطقه شمال، جنوب، شرق و غرب شهر اردبیل در تابستان سال 1398 و زمستان 1399 به‌منظور پایش کیفی منابع آب انجام شد. تحلیل شیمیایی و بررسی عناصر موجود در آب روی نمونه</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها انجام شد و نمونه</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها از نظر وجود فلزات سنگین سرب و کادمیوم، سختی کل بر اساس کربنات-کلسیم، کل ذرات محلول در آب (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">TDS</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)، اسیدیته (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">pH</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)، کلر (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">CL</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)، فلوراید، فسفات، نیترات، نیتریت، سولفات، اکسیژن محلول (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">DO</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)، اکسیژن زیست-شیمیایی (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">BOD</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)، اکسیژن شیمیایی (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">COD</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">)، کدورت، کلیفرم مدفوعی و کلیفرم کل به روش استاندارد تحلیل شدند و با استاندارد ملی ایران 1053 و استاندارد بین</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">المللی </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">WHO</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> مقایسه شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که مقادیر پارامترهای اندازه</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">گیری شده به غیر از میانگین کادمیوم (که در 53 درصد موارد غلظت این فلز فراتر از مقدار رهنمودی سازمان بهداشت جهانی بوده است)، فسفات، حداکثر مقدار سختی کل</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">فلوراید و نیز نیتریت از مقادیر استانداردهای ملی ایران 1053 و استاندارد بین</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">المللی </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">WHO</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> پایین&shy;تر بوده است. هم‌چنین، تغییرات فصلی نیز در کمیت و کیفیت آب شرب تأثیرگذار است، به</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&shy;</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">طوری که بالاترین مقادیر، برای پارامترهای مورد بررسی در فصل زمستان (فصل سرد سال) به‌دست آمده است.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The microbial and physicochemical characteristics of drinking water in terms of type and quantity are the basis for judging its potability and the impact of each of the above components on improving its quality, increasing its acceptability, or threatening its consumers&#39; health. This study aims to investigate the microbial and physicochemical parameters and heavy elements of lead and cadmium in drinking water in Ardabil city and compare it with national and international standards to answer whether Ardabil drinking water is in a healthy state or not. This cross-sectional study was conducted by sampling from four regions of the north, south, east, and west of Ardabil city in the summer of 2019 and winter of 2020 to monitor the quality of water resources. Chemical analysis and examination of the elements present in the water were performed on the samples, and the samples were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals lead and cadmium, total hardness based on carbonate-calcium, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, chlorine (CL), fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen (BOD), chemical oxygen (COD), turbidity, fecal coliform and total coliform using standard methods and were compared with the Iranian National Standard 1053 and the WHO International Standard. The results showed that the values ​​of the measured parameters, except for the average cadmium (in 53% of cases, the concentration of this metal exceeded the World Health Organization guideline value), phosphate, maximum total hardness, fluoride, and nitrite, were lower than the values ​​of the Iranian National Standard 1053 and the WHO International Standard. Seasonal changes also affect the quantity and quality of drinking water, so that the highest values ​​for the parameters studied were obtained in the winter (cold season of the year).</span></span> کیفیت فیزیکوشیمایی, آب شرب, استانداردهای ملی و بین‌المللی, تغییرات فصلی, اردبیل Physicochemical quality, Drinking water, National and international standards, Seasonal changes, Ardabil 21 36 http://jircsa.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2189-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mahsa Hasanpour Kashani مهسا حسنپور کاشانی m.hkashani@uma.ac.ir 10031947532846006072 10031947532846006072 Yes Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Science & Technology of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Email: m.hkashani@uma.ac.ir دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران، m.hkashani@uma.ac.ir ملیحه شهمراد مغانلو Maliheh_shahmorad@yahoo.com 10031947532846006073 10031947532846006073 No Ph.D. Student, Department of Science and Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran, Email: Maliheh_shahmorad@yahoo.com دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی علوم و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران، Maliheh_shahmorad@yahoo.com