Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 Designing PMP Calculator for Statistical Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation (Case Study: Selected Stations in Gilan Province, Iran) 1 12 FA Bahram Bakhtiari Kerman U Zahra Afzali Gorouh Kerman U Kourosh Qaderi Kerman U Hershfield method is one of the most widely used for PMP calculation. In this study, at first the equations of adjustment factors of Hershfield method including frequency factor (Km), average and standard deviation for maximum observed event and sample size, fixed observational time intervals and area reduction curves were extracted. After digitizing curves, equations were fitted on curves then the best equations were determined based on R2. Based on the extracted equations, a user friendly multi-platform JAVA application called PMP Calculator was designed. In this study the annual maximum 24 hours precipitation during 22-34 years for 7 synoptic and climatological stations located in Gilan province were evaluated. The results indicated that for the first approach, minimum and maximum values of Km and PMP24 were found to be varied in the range of 14.91-18.69 and 178 -754 mm in this area. The minimum and maximum values of Km and PMP24 for the second approach were within the range 1.95-4.77 and 65 -363 mm, respectively. The ratio of PMP24 to maximum of 24 hours precipitation, as an independent criteria of climatic conditions was used for comparing PMP in studied stations. The results indicated that the amount of PMP using the second approach is 36.5-48.2 percent of the first approach.

Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 Estimation of Soil Temperatures in Difference Depths Using Hydro Climatic Factors in the Coastal Deserts (Case study: Bandar Abbas) 13 24 FA Ommolbanin Bazrafshan Hormozgan University Shahla Dehghanpir Hormozgan University Abstract Soil temperature is one of the most important parameters affecting hydro-climatic and agricultural processes. Since it is measured only in the synoptic meteorological stations, lack or deficiency of data is the major challenge in many agricultural studies. In this study, soils temperature were predicted at six different depths of 5, 10, 15, 30, 50 and 100 cm by Multivariate Linear Regression Models (MLRM) using meteorological parameters recorded at Bandar Abbas synoptic station during the period 1991-2013. The meteorological parameters precipitation, evaporation, wind velocity, vapor water pressure, relative humidity, air temperature and ground water level were utilized in this work. Precipitation and ground water were studied in the form of SPI and GRI. Relationship between these factors was identified using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Temperatures were estimated in difference depths using MLRM. There is a significant correlation among soil temperature with air temperature, pan evaporation for soil depth of 5cm and SPI-3 for soil of 100cm with R2 0.992, 0.885 and -0.71 respectively. It means that air temperature and relative humidity affects soil temperature directly while precipitation impacts soil temperature, inversely. Soil temperature decreased in wet month (P-value=-0/59), significantly. This research could provide a rapid estimation of soil temperature in different months using hydro climatic factors data

Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 The Effectiveness of Three Types of Runoff Harvesting System 25 34 FA heshmatolah agharazi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi ُState aliakbar davoudirad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi ُState Shamsollah Nikje Farahani Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi ُState Abstract  Markazi Province have arid and semi-arid climatic. Lack of soil moisture is one of the factors limiting the growth of productive plants during the dry period. One of the basic strategies to deal with these challenges is feasibility growth of plants during drought periodand conserve soil and water resources, proper soil and water resources management in the watershed. System of rainwater is an effective solution to achieve the above objectives. The aim of this research is to compare of three types of systems to collect rain water requirement in order to develop dryland orchards of almond in the steep lands of Khosbyjan in Arak. Therefore, in this study, three types of systems include insulation, natural pasture and cleanranch were chosen. each treatment was repeated four times.The area of the system was 15 meters square. At the end of each plot, runoff collecting and measuringequipment were put. During the project 95 rainfalls occured that measured 35 above 10 mm which created runoff. The results showed that average annual runoff respectively for pasture, clean pasture and insulated are 110,130,2044 liters and average collected water per square meter per year, respectively were 6,8 and 136 liters. Insulated system have highly efficiency for rainwater harvesting and providing water requirement in order to develop almond orchards in sloping dryland.

Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 Evaluate the effects of watershed management operations in water harvesting and collecting runoff in Dadabad Watershed. 35 46 FA Gholamreza Chamanpira AREEO Abstract Rainwater collection using various techniques and methods in arid and semi-arid regions for supplying greater volumes of water for agriculture, drinking, and industries is called water harvesting (WH). In most cases, water harvesting is an irrigation method, with the difference that the user does not have the required time for using the water and has to somehow store water resulting from rainfall and use it when needed. This research intended to evaluate the effects of water storage ponds(Turkeynest) on water harvesting and on collection of runoff resulting from rainfalls in the Dadabad basin. Mapping and determining the volume of the structures and their numbers, status, and characteristics constituted as the first step of this research. The mathematical model HEC-HMS was then employed to estimate flood volumes. Results of simulations and comparison of the observed and simulated hydrographs indicated the model had the required efficiency for simulating the Dadabad basin and was very sensitive to the parameters of curve number and initial loss. The capability of the storage ponds in storing runoff was then determined through calculating their volumes. The behavior of floodwater for the various return periods was simulated to determine the response of the basin to design storms by applying the changes that had happened in the input part of the model. Results indicated the water storage ponds could collect and store more than 80 percent of the runoff resulting from rainfalls with return periods of 2 and 5 years. In return periods of 10, 25, 50 and 100 respectively, 63.4, 54.3, 38.8 and 28.6 percent of the runoff stored in the ponds and the remaining water removes from the basin from its outlet. In all, the water harvesting systems in the Dadabad basin could store 236,645 cubic meters of runoff.

Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 Evaluation of the Possibility of Flood-Irrigated Roadside Planting: the Case of Nasir Abad- Rahim Abad Road 47 52 FA Sayyd Hamid Mesbah Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars State Mohammad Raza NeghdarSabar Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars State Abstract Roadside amelioration, particularly with trees and shrubs, is an effort to harmonize civil engineering works and environment the vegetation not only introduce noise pollution, but also provides a nice view of the countryside for passengers. The main limitation of this program, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is the water requirement of plants, as even the most drought-enduring plants need a minimum amount of water for survival. Although the impermeability surface of asphalted roads produce a considerable volume of runoff, the presence of numerous ephemeral watercourses cut by the roads offer an opportunity not only to reduce the flooding hazards and inconveniences of stalled traffic, but also to green the roadsides. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh trees planted by the Nasir Abad-Rahim Abad roadsides (the Gareh Bygone Plain) on 21 February 1985 by the students of the Rahim Abad Elementary School and irrigated with floodwater90 trees were selected and measured their qualitative and quantitative parameters for 4 years. Results indicated that besides a survival rate of 100% in that desert, the height and diameter growth of the trees were spectacular. Therefore, in addition To protection of road, a verdant landscape has been created by providing the water requirement of trees. Rain water harvesting system, is adapted to environment solution for the roadside planting.

Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 Comparison of Various Methods of Determining the Drainage Coefficient in Sodium and Salty Soil in Order to Maximize the Efficiency of Rainwater usage in Urban and Non-Urban Areas 53 64 FA Hassan Saghi Department of civil engineering Farhad Rashidzadeh Aryakavand Company Abstract The sub surface flows resulting by rainfall are one of the main sources of supplying water. In these conditions, swap of agricultural lands in different seasons is one of the main problems of farmers which are caused by an increase in the level of subsurface water or impropriety of the soil texture. In such conditions, the sodium and salty soil cause a decrease in the efficiency of crops harvest. In addition, water collected from rainfall is one of water resource in urban and non-urban areas, therefore determining the drainage coefficient for estimating drainage water of it is very important.  Therefore, in this study, different methods of determining the drainage coefficient in sodium and salty soil have been investigated. The obtained results have shown that the maximum of drainage coefficient in steady method is 2.4 mm/day. However, this coefficient changes throughout the day according to the irrigation calendar method from the minimum 0.37 to the maximum 2.49 mm/day. The results have indicated that the amount of the obtained drainage coefficient by steady method is always more than the amount obtained by unsteady method. But the amount of this coefficient is the equal in the beginning of summer using both methods. Therefore, using steady method causes an increase in the estimated subsurface flow amount so it is suggested to use the unsteady method to estimate the drainage coefficient.

Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 2423-5970 4 1 2016 6 1 Upstream Groundwater Recharge, Promising Solution for Survival of Almond Farmlands in Kashmar (Khorasan Razavi) 65 71 FA Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of khorasan Razavi State Ramezan Kazemi Gelyan Abstract  A total of 16000 ha of Kohsorkh flat in Kashmar area (Khorasan Razavi Province) has been cultivated with almond trees. These trees used to be rainfed using direct rainfall and occasional flood water. It is supposed that because of climate change and consequent draught condition, most of 5 to 50 years old trees being affected by water shortage and are getting dried. It was noticed that some trees located in the upstream parts of the catchment have been survived looking very green and productive. Field witnessing showed that in those particular areas, there exist small earthfills being constructed along the stream channel, right after mountains and before the cultivation zone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of this system of earthfills with regard to possible relation to watering downstream trees. The study started with routine investigations such as physiography, meteorology, hydrology and geological survay ending to a seepage analysis for evaluating the role of earthfills for flood control and recharge of  downstream areas. The results showed that because of geological nature of the mountains and permeable stream bed, small earthfills could have captured, slow down and infiltrated appropriate amount of surface runoff -up to some extend- into the downstream soil profile so that it could have been used by trees’ root existed nearby the earthfills. This is considered as a great opportunity and paradigm in order to survive the remaining part of the cultivation having similar condition.