1 2423-5970 Iranian Rainwater Catchment Systems Association 310 Special Analysis of the Inter-Basin Water Transfer Project from the Halilrood upstream with consideration of downstream effects Soleimani Sardo mojtaba Soleimani Motlagh Mahdi 1 5 2019 7 1 1 10 08 08 2018 03 02 2019   Abstract Given the importance of water resources in sustainable development, it is necessary to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of inter-basin water transfer projects. The present research analyzed the status of the water resources in the south of Kerman province and the challenges of inter-basin water transfer that will result from transferring water from the upstream Halilrood. This study investigates economic, human and environmental consequences of water transfer from the Jaz Murian basin to the Dare Anjir basin and center of Kerman province, with a focus on the importance of water resources in residents' livelihoods in the southern regions of Kerman province. We seeks to answer the following question: what would be the consequences of water transfer from upstream Halilrood to the downstream plains of the Jaz Murian basin? The results indicated that this project will negatively affect the Jaz Murian basin and downstream plains. According to the findings, it is necessary to focus on water demand management in the target area (Kerman) and also pay attention to sustainable development, economic growth and industrial indicators of the southern Kerman province. As a part of regional policy, the promotion of balanced provincial development should be given priority. Also, the excessive consumption of water resources, especially by agricultural activities, can be curbed by fostering crop productivity, industrial development, tourism, and renewable energies.
335 Special Evaluation of water supply for olive trees through rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions in Kohgiloyeh va Boyerahmad Province khazayi majid d shahrivar abdal e kavoosi bijan f asadi isa g saleh iman h d Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyerahmad e Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyerahmad f Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars province g Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyerahmad h Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyerahmad 1 5 2019 7 1 11 20 27 03 2019 20 07 2019 Abstract Lack of stored soil moisture is an essential factor in intensification of the problems of arid and semi-arid areas in Kohgiloyeh va Boyerahmad Province. In these areas, limited surface water and groundwater have rendered vast areas of the region’s fertile lands useless. Despite these problems, appropriate conditions can be provided to plant resistant and adapted species such as olive through increasing moisture durability in the soil profile and optimizing precipitation. The aim of this research is to evaluate water supply for olive trees through rainwater harvesting and select the most appropriate method of increasing moisture durability in the soil profile in a semi-arid area of Kohgiloyeh va Boyerahmad province. Rhombic insulation systems on steep lands were used for fast collection of rainwater; gravel filters were installed to reduce evaporation and facilitate the rapid transfer of collected water; and stubble, manure, peat, waste sponge, and super absorbent were employed to store water and increase moisture durability. This study was performed in randomized complete block design with five treatments including stubble, manure, peat, waste sponge and super absorbent with gravel filter and control (natural soil) treatment in 3 replication on north-facing lands with 15-20% slope. To make comparisons, plants were chosen randomly from the treatments and control with similar root systems, leaves and the number of branches. The system for the precipitation harvesting was rhombus-shaped (dimensions 2×2) with nylon insulation. This project tried to maximize precipitation utilization to meet plants’ water demand. However, when rainfall was less than the minimum water requirement for olive trees, supplementary irrigation was provided based on the minimum water requirement. 322 Special Consequences of using of microcatchment systems on improvement of plant indices in dry farming conditions Nekooeimehr Mohammad i Roghani Mohammad j i Agricultural research, education and extension organisation j Agricultural research, education and extension organisation 1 5 2019 7 1 21 30 04 12 2018 17 03 2019   Abstract   Present research has been executed in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Province during 5 years in order to develop and establish hillside orchards using rainwater harvesting catchments. The region receives 300 mm of rainfall annually and has a moderate soil texture. Towards this goal, in a rangeland with a slope of 20 percent, microcatchments were made with 5 different treatments including removed surface vegetation with gravelly filter, removed surface vegetation without gravelly filter, isolated surface with gravelly filter, isolated surface without gravelly filter, and natural surface, with 5 replicates and 3 cultivar of almond (Rabi, Mamaei and Shahrood 21). Vegetation indices were measured after cultivation of saplings in the lower part of microcatchments. Statistical analyses show that there is a significant difference between different microcatchments at the 99% confidence level. The results showed that the means of variables are the lowest on the natural surface treatment and the highest in the isolated surface with gravelly filter treatment. The mean value of diameter of stem, height, canopy area, and fruit yield are respectively 40.5 mm, 180 cm, 1.45 m2  and 1233.7 gr in the isolated surface with gravelly filter treatment. Using a system with an isolated surface and a gravelly filter can supply plants’ water needs. So utilization of isolated surfaces with gravelly filters can be recommended in supplying water for hillside orchards in watersheds using rainwater harvesting systems. 333 Special Investigating the Effect of Indigenous Knowledge of Qanat on the Dimensions of Sustainable Development tabatabaei seyed mostafa k khozeymehnezhad hossein l k University of birjand l University of birjand 1 5 2019 7 1 31 44 11 03 2019 27 04 2019     Abstract      Considering the role of Qanat as the primary reason for the establishment of a residence and the formation of communities in vast parts of Iran located in the desert and marginal areas of the desert, also, the lack of attention and abandonment of numerous Qanats along with the change in the way groundwater extraction, in this study using theories and analysis of the results of various Studies, has been studied by descriptive method relationship the between indigenous knowledge and sustainable development, the effect of Qanat on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, relation of deep well and instable, factors of drying, degradation, instability of qanats and providing solutions for the revival of Qanats. The results show that Qanat is a sustainable way of extracting water, also important in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental and historical aspects, and with sustainable supply, part of the water needs, is essential  in the life and development of Iran's dry regions. Damage usually enters the Qanat structure, quality and quantity of water, and from the lack of restoration and renovation,  failure to observe Qanat privacy, pollution due to leakage of sewage and wastewater to Qana, Blockade of Qanat in construction projects, the loss of aquifer is due to reduced nutrition and excessive water withdrawal from deep layers. Recovery strategies included Construction operations and isolation to prevent blockages, losses and water pollution in the furnace path, Infiltration of flood and nutrition Qanat and aquifer, Qanat output control, The optimal and profitable use of Qanat water, Preparing map of Qanats and eliminating managerial, educational, cultural and research weaknesses. 331 Special Introduction of Local Knowledge on Watershed Management and Aquaculture in Iran (Case Study of Hormozgan Province) shafaghati mehdi m hoseinpoor abolghasem n nasrolahi somayeh o m frw.org.ir n frw.org.ir o frw.org.ir 1 5 2019 7 1 45 52 06 03 2019 11 08 2019 Abstract Indigenous knowledge in the field of water and soil has attracted great attention due to its desirable functions, in particular ensuring high compatibility and maintaining ecological balance as well as attracting popular support and encouraging participation. The need for technology and knowledge that, while responding to the growing needs of societies, will also use the natural resources of the environment in a sustainable manner has doubled the importance of collection and compilation of indigenous knowledge in recent years. Obtaining this knowledge is only possible through the combination of formal knowledge and indigenous knowledge. As a result, efforts to collect knowledge of native watershed management and attempts to  integrate it with modern sciences are necessary in the present conditions. Due to climatic and environmental constraints of the area, people of Hormozgan have long used various practices in the field of exploitation of water and soil resources and rain harvesting. These techniques are traditionally and experimentally obtained by the people themselves. Rainfall basin systems, traditional management and exploitation of floods, saline and fresh water separation, soil conservation, utilizing sloped lands, and flood farming are a series of measures taken by people in the dry Hormozgan region, Persian Gulf islands and communities living on the coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. These practices include the traditional ways of protecting and exploiting soil and water resources, which are presented here with an overview of goals, functions, location, design, implementation, and operation. In this article, a number of traditional watershed management structures and techniques are introduced as part of the larger collection of indigenous watershed management practices in Hormozgan province. 327 Special Productivity and sustainability index evaluation for Harsin dam heshmati sara p maryam mastali fatemeh p razi Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran 1 5 2019 7 1 53 63 13 01 2019 15 04 2019 Abstract Water availability significantly affects development of agriculture, industry and urban services. Thus, the water industry is among the fundamental industries. Yet, most countries, especially developing countries, are suffering from water deficit, water pollution and flood hazards.  These problems are more severe in Iran due to improper management of water resources. Integrated water management is a systematic process for sustainable development and water monitoring which considers socioeconomic and environmental needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of Harsin dam reservoir on Babazaid River, located 45 km east of Kermanshah, Iran for storage of surface water and groundwater recharge. Water productivity and the results of simulation were analyzed through LINGO and WEAP software using 42 years’ data. Water sustainability index was also calculated via the WEP model and Excel while taking into account the water needs of agriculture, environment and urban supply. The results indicated that the annual water deficit for urban supply, agriculture, environment and industry were 1.74, 14.2, 6.04 and 0.4%, respectively. The water need for agriculture sector in summer was considerable.