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Showing 3 results for Gerami
Mahmood Arabkhedri, Zahra Gerami, Reza Bayat, Samad Shadfar, Saeed Nabi Pe Lashgariyan, Yahya Parvizi, Rahim Kazemi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Rain simulators are suitable tools for research related to the process of erosion and runoff. However, it is possible to use these simulators on other topics as well. For example, in designing the rainwater catchment systems such as micro-catchments for planting trees on slopes, curve pits in pastures, and determining the size of the water collection pond, knowledge of runoff coefficient and volume of collected water are essential. For this purpose, in a national study, several tons of soil from four selected rainfed lands including Faraghi (Golestan province), Sararoud (Kermanshah province), Kouheen (Qazvin province), and Sarab neniz (Kohgilouyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province) were transferred to the Rainfall Simulation and Erosion Laboratory of the Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute and after preparation by standard methods, the soils were subjected to a heavy rainfall of 64 mm per hour on three slopes of 6, 12 and 25% for 30 minutes. Such rainfall is unlikely to occur and can be used to design rainwater catchment systems. Outlet flow during the experiment was measured at intervals of 1 to 3 minutes (17 times in total) and the total runoff volume, and then the runoff coefficient and soil infiltration capacity were calculated according to the rainfall volume. In addition, soil infiltration capacity was calculated about 3 to 6 cm per hour. The runoff coefficient of these soils (except Sararoud soil with high infiltration) was calculated between 50 to 90%. According to the characteristics of the soil, soil structure, specific weight, and the amount of organic matter are the factors that determine the infiltration capacity. The volume of runoff (except Sararoud soil) in the most severe events was estimated between 15 to 30 liters per square meter, which is used in the design of the rainwater catchment systems. For soil with high infiltration, it is recommended to compact the soil or use other methods to reduce the infiltration and increase the runoff coefficient.
Reza Bayat, Mahmood Arabkhedri, Yahya Parvizi, Zahra Gerami,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Soil infiltration is one of the most crucial parts for designing rainwater catchment systems and has an essential role in determining the area for rainwater harvesting. Using the Kamphorst field rain simulator, the infiltration rate of the suitable sites for the rainwater catchment systems has been determined. After selecting the suitable site, the soil was saturated, and the experiments were performed a day later. Simulation experiments have been conducted in two sites. The first site was Pishkamr city in Golestan province and the second site was near Sararood research station in Kermanshah province. The constant slope was at 12%, and the rain intensities were 33, 64, and 110 mm/h for 15 minutes in four repetitions. At the end of the experiment, the total volume of runoff was collected, and the infiltration rate was calculated. The results showed that with increasing rainfall intensity from 64 to 110 mm/h, the runoff volume of Pishkamr and Sararood increased 6.1 and 13.7 times, respectively. The infiltration rate in comparison with rain intensity showed that by increasing rainfall intensity from 64 to 110 mm/h, the infiltration rate increased 16.6% and 25.3% in the Pishkamr and Sararood, respectively. The comparison of the infiltration rate in the two sites also showed that the infiltration rate in the Sararood site was higher than the Pishkamr site. Therefore, with the knowledge of soil Infiltration, suitable rainwater catchment systems can be designed to supply water for plants.
Zahra Gerami, Hamid Reza Peyrowan, Afshin Partovi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Arid and semi-arid regions with highly variable rainfall and periods of drought or unpredictable floods have severely affected residents' water shortages and they are often living in insecure areas. Rainwater catchment systems are one of the available solutions to overcome water shortage and runoff management in these areas. Surface runoff is a potential source of water that, with proper management and rainwater extraction methods, can be used to meet demand in various sectors, including agriculture and drinking. This study was conducted with the aim of introducing suitable places for establishing rainwater catchment systems in Latyan Watershed. Essential maps of the watershed for this study included land cover coefficient, permeability of formations and soil, average long-term rainfall, slope, land use, and drainage network were prepared. The mentioned maps were each divided into five categories and by overlaying in ARC/GIS 10.7.2 environment, finally suitable places for runoff production of the watershed were obtained to create catchment levels. The results showed that slope percentage, type of land use, NDVI and climate in this watershed were effective factors for runoff production. In addition, the map of runoff production potential classes showed that the frequency percentages related to runoff production potential classes were very high, high, medium, and low, respectively 3.2, 22, 33.6 and 23.5%. For the construction of these systems, priority is given to areas that have the potential and frequency of upper class in terms of runoff production, which areas with medium runoff production potential have this feature. Introducing suitable places to establish rainwater catchment systems can maximize the probability of success of rainwater harvesting projects.
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