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Showing 3 results for eslami
Dr Saeid Eslamian, Ms Saeid Okhravi,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
The quantity of freshwater available per person in the world has been and continues to decrease due to a combination of factors, including population increase, water pollution, inadequate planning and management of transboundary and other shared waters, and inefficient operation of water supply and distribution systems. Consequently, there is an increasing potential for water scarcity, crisis and associated conflicts around the world in the future, especially in developing regions, if the current trend in water consumption and management practices continues. Climate change as a serious environmental, economic-social, psychological and political concern is also considered globally. In this fast-changing and highly-interconnected world, the problems related to water crisis and conflicts are numerous, complicated and challenging. Efforts to effectively resolve these problems require a clear vision of the future water availability and demand as well as new ways of thinking, developing and implementing water planning and management practices. First, comprehensive observations and evidences for the potential of available water, amount of consuming water separated by continents and also assessment of past, present and future of the world's water situation is investigated and for some applied strategies and guidelines are suggested as an integrated framework for adaption to climate change.
Milad Mirramezani, Safieh Javadinezhad, Saeid Eslamian, Yasin Aghaae Shalmani, Mahdis Rahmati,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
In this research, a plan for the intelligent design of dry landscaping has been proposed for urban green spaces, non-residential, and administrative units with a rainwater harvesting approach. In this plan, by using two infiltrate and non-infiltrate layers and designing a drainage network between the two layers, due to the appropriate slope of the area, rainwater runoff can be extracted. Also, to prevent using different drains with an economic justification approach, we have created systems to collect and direct rainwater to the exit point of the system and guide rainwater to the desired source. By implementing these systems, soil moisture, especially in the output range of each section, and the efficiency of this project will increase. Executing this project will reduce water consumption and increase efficient use of harvested water, and as a result, will have significant economic profitability and help conserving water resources. Daily rainfall, runoff, evaporation, and soil temperature were determined by the equipment. The results showed that with this design, runoff can be doubled, soil moisture of the region can be increased up to 5%, rainwater runoff can be stored to a large extent to be used for different purposes, and reduce the intensity of soil temperature and evaporation, which can reduce water consumption for green space irrigation. On the other hand, with the implementation of this project and the design of suitable artificial feeding systems, rainwater runoff can be intelligently directed to the groundwater aquifers. This positive environmental approach can play a crucial role in reducing land subsidence, especially in the plains of Iran.
Alireza Eslami, Hamze Noor,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Effective and less expensive implementation of plans, protection of projects, and future restoration of structures require the participation of stakeholders in all stages of study, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and maintenance. Therefore, identifying and classifying indicators and sub-indices that affect people's participation and promoting them in the implementation of watershed and aquifer projects is very important. To this end, the objective of this research is to comparative evaluation of factors affecting people's non-participation from the point of view of watershed residents and also experts in the Asadli Watershed, Bojnord. In this research, factors affecting people's non-participation in watershed projects were classified in the form of four economic, social, education-extension, and design-implementation indicators and 15 sub-indices. In the following, from the point of view of experts (19 people) and stakeholders (31 people), the indicators and sub-indices affecting people's non-participation in watershed management projects were prioritized using the Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis Process (FHAP) and the Friedman Test. The reliability measurement of the questionnaire was determined via Cronbach's alpha test. The obtained Cronbach's alpha value (= α 0.752) showed that the measuring tool (questionnaire) has good reliability. The results showed that from the point of view of experts and stakeholders, economic indicators and design-implementation have a greater role in people's non-participation than other indicators in the region under investigation. Experts and local societies were of the same opinion regarding the factors affecting non-participation in watershed projects in some cases, including in the field of "tribe and local people differences", "impossibility of issuing exploitation rights", "lack of indigenous knowledge of local people in the field of watershed management", and ”late return of watershed projects". A noteworthy point is the relative importance of the sub-index "lack of attention to local forces in the implementation of the project" from the point of view of both groups (rank 4 and 5 according to local societies and experts, respectively). The ranking results of the sub-indices from the perspective of experts and rural societies showed that the "lack of specific laws to support people's participation in watershed management projects" is the most important and also the sub-index "concentration of decision-making power in the center" is of great importance. However, the biggest difference in the importance of the factors from the perspective of two groups of experts and local communities is related to the sub-indices of "ignoring people's interests as a direct economic incentive" and” lack of consultation with local societies in project needs assessment".
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