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Showing 3 results for Arid and Semi-Arid
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Volume 2, Issue 1 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract:
Because of existing rain deficiency in the arid and semi-arid areas, establishment the vegetation is being very difficult. Rain water harvesting systems (RWHS) can be used to help restoration of vegetation cover.
Hand tools such as spade and peck can be used for making small RWHS. In order to investigate the effect of the proposed system, a diamond shape microcatchment has been constructed in Maravehtapeh region located in the east of Golestan province. The purpose of the implementation of this method was to examine the establishment of olive seedlings in a dry area as well as to determine the effect of different types of catchment cover.
proposed catchment covers include: simple soil compaction , plastic cover supported with sand and natural (untouched) ground surface. The highest amount of runoff water was collected from plastic cover with runoff volumes of 1024 liter during one year measurement. This was three times higher than the ave. annual rainfall has happened in the region of investigation. Observations revealed the establishment of high yield olive seedlings at rainfed conditions.
Ghodrat Hoseini, Reza Ahmadi, Vali Bagheri,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research is identification of the capabilities of drainage basin beneficiaries who make an appropriate environment for the exploitation of natural areas through utilization of past experience. A wide range of pastures of the country are located in the arid and semi-arid regions and their water resource management is more important than that of other regions due to the limitations of drinking water and the fragility of the pasture’s ecosystems in these regions. Thus, it is very important economically and environmentally as one of the important tools for producing wealth in the objectives of resistive economy. Water shortage, excessive water or its inaccessibility in pastures will lead to non-essential use of this highly valuable resource. The current pattern of water consumption is incompatible with the arid climate in Iran. It also creates obstacles for achieving the country’s goals for development goals and makes them difficult to achieve. The only suggested solution for solving this problem is controlling and inhibiting surplus water and floodwaters from rainfalls with the aim of accumulating rainwater in pastures. In this research, the methods used for collecting rainwater include pitting, embankment, terracing, water cisterns and Faroes.The purpose of this research is the assessment of the effect of the operation of rain water catchments on the economic returns of arid and semi-arid regions along with optimal productivity of pastures in order to implement the aims of the objectives of resistive economy in natural resources sector. This assessment is conducted by using two methods of internal return rate (IRR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The results showed that according to the project’s profitability (2.04 percent) and internal return rate (0.63 percent), the obtained BCR index is larger than one. Therefore, implementation of the project is justified and it brings high income for ranchers living near the project area. According to the obtained results, the reason is 60 percent due to increased production by the use of corrective actions and 35 percent due to the protection which indicates the positive impact of different corrective actions on vegetation and pastures soil.
Reza Chamanpira, Esfandyar Hassani Moghaddam,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
Various meth ods have been used for collecting water, but each one by itself has shortcomings that have prevented or limited its application. The method of rainwater collection by using a rainwater harvesting device (rainwater harvesting machine or R.H.M) is a new technique that was inspired by pitcher irrigation, techniques of water harvesting, and drip irrigation. Combination of these three methods had led to the manufacturing of a very simple and practical device that can be used in various parts of the world (including Iran), especially in arid and semi-arid and even in semi-humid regions where access to water is limited or impossible. This device has applications in supplying the water required for agriculture, drinking, tourism, etc. Rainwater harvesting devices have completely overcome the disadvantages of the three methods mentioned above. It is a simple and multi-purpose tool, and its main application is to provide sufficient water for establishing and developing orchards, planting trees in regions where water is scarce or unavailable, and job creation. Protection of groundwater resources and prevention of erosion are among the most important additional goals in utilizing this device. In the present research, two samples of rainwater harvesting devices with the capacities of storing 430 and 1800 liters of rainwater were first designed, produced, and installed. A rain gauge was then used to measure daily rain and the volume of rainwater stored in the tanks of the devices, and to study their ability to store and save rainwater. Results showed that the devices had the necessary efficiency for harvesting and storing rainwater for when water was needed. The total water loss during the processes of rainwater entrapment and storage until the time it was used amounted to less than five percent.
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