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Always, one of the expert subjects has been being the low irrigation efficiency and water utilization in agriculture for the surface flows. To investigate this issue, basin of Dasht-Sefidrud which only use the surface water, was selected as the study pattern. Then, based on the region's major product, it was sampled the transmission efficiency, water use efficiency and water utility in the field. Results showed that the transmission efficiency in irrigation networks with concrete cover was between 75 to 92 percent whereas, if the canal has been terrestrial and long, the irrigation efficiency would have reduced to 37/7 percent. Water use efficiency in farms under pressure of drip and sprinkler irrigations is more than 90 percent, but if the system is not be managed well, the efficiency will be reduced and reached to 63 percent. Water use efficiency in gravity irrigation is very variable, so that rice fields in which irrigation is as water flooding, the irrigation efficiency will come to 57 to 76 percent, respectively. If the management and plot size and dimensions are not appropriated, the irrigation efficiency will be greatly reduced and reached to 29 percent. Irrigation efficiency is obtained by multiplying the transmission efficiency in application efficiency. The minimum measured efficiency has been 14.2 percent and its maximum in pressure irrigation system was 95/1 percent, that the average of those will be about 57/7 percent. High level of irrigation efficiency caused the farmers recognize the importance of water and water management in recent years, and increase the irrigation efficiency in their farms and gardens.

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Due to the lack of adequate sources of drinking water and uncertainty about the quality of these sources, along with rising water demand due to population growth, it is important to find a suitable solution to supply drinking water. Rainwater harvesting from roofs and use of natural discharge from springs are among techniques which can replace surface and underground water resources. The city of Divandareh in Kurdistan province has a strong potential to utilize these two sources. According to population statistics from 2011, the annual water consumption per capita of the city is 1871110 cubic meters. Our results showed that these two sources can provide 1001235 cubic meters of water per year. Based on the average annual consumption of each person in the city, springs and harvested rain can meet  53.5% of the city’s water demand, priced at 5,256,483,960 rials per year using the price of drinking water, and 4,246,463,320 rials per year using the price of raw water. The results indicated that in the case of comprehensive management of these two resources for optimal storage and utilization, they could be suitable options to compensate for abnormal water consumption, and in some cases the conditions of permanent stress and water shortage in the city would be prevented.