The current research was carried out to study the amount of soil erosion and soil moisture storage in cultivation of two species from the Gramineae family . The study area was located 45 km north of Khorramabad in the village of PereskOlia, in the province of Alashatar in the Honam basin. Most of the cultivation in the area is wheat, cultivated on land with a slope of up to 18%, and in rangelands that have been converted to dry farmland. In order to promote the correct principles of crop cultivation and soil tillage, and in order to highlight the effects of land use change on soil condition and water loss, two sites were selected with identical conditions. On the control site wheat, the region’s most common crop, was cultivated and in the treatment site rye (Secalemontanum) was grown. The reason for selection of rye is the natural abundance of this species in the rangelands of the region, its resistance to harsh ecological and climatic conditions, its permanence and the extensive use of this species in the food industry and its several other industrial applications. To determine the amount of soil erosion, special geotextile fabrics were installed at the end of each site. To ensure the accuracy of soil erosion measurements, erosion pins were used in the both sites. Also, soil moisture content from the soil samples with depths of 0-25 centimeters was determined by weighing and drying samples in 20-day intervals during growth period. The three-year results after the implementation of this plan indicated that the amount of rye barley per unit area in the third year was 19.91% higher than the wheat yield in the control site. Soil erosion of the treatment site compared to the control site (wheat) decreased by about 53%, and soil moisture content of the rye site was 91.3% higher than the control site (wheat) in the third year.  In addition, the cost of agricultural inputs in the treatment site was reduced to one-fifth in the treatment condition. Along with the scientific and investigative results of this project, its extensional results include the level of participation and interest in this project among farmers. Observing the project accomplish its objectives lead to farmers’ implementation of this plan at a large scale in agricultural fields. Finally, this study increased farmers’ willingness to change the cultivation pattern from wheat to rye in the study area.