Iran is situated in an arid and semi-arid region characterized by negligible atmospheric precipitation and its uneven spatial and temporal distribution. Given escalating human water demands, securing sustainable water resources is paramount. Therefore, despite the country’s recurring droughts, floods, and runoff, employing flood spreading technology, a conventional, widely used, and natural solution for flood control, groundwater recharge, and vegetation enhancement, is more crucial than ever. This study evaluates the East Azerbaijan Tasuj flood spreading system’s impact on recharging the plain’s groundwater aquifer and the water table. Results show that groundwater levels in all observation wells within the East Azerbaijan Tasuj plain declined between water years 2004 and 2009, indicating a negative aquifer balance. This is attributed to increased aquifer withdrawals, reduced precipitation and rainfall, and drought conditions during this period. However, wells closest to the flood spreading networks (Pt1, Pt2, and Pt3) exhibited minimal water level changes (less than 5 meters). Considering the frequency and volume of flooding events, the flood spreading area’s size relative to the aquifer, and groundwater flow direction, this suggests the effectiveness of the networks in recharging the aquifer and partially offsetting over extraction. Analysis of precipitation amounts and flood volumes entering the spreading area revealed that rainfall exceeding 20 mm triggered flooding. Furthermore, rainfall exceeding 50 mm, or single, short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events, resulted in significant recharge, particularly during the flood spreading plan’s initial years.